Tasikmalaya Regency is a regency in West Java Province, Indonesia. It borders Majalengka Regency and Tasikmalaya City to the north, the Indian Ocean to the south, Ciamis Regency and Pangandaran Regency to the east, and Garut Regency to the west.
Located in the southeastern Priangan region, Tasikmalaya Regency is considered by far the largest and most important regency in East Priangan. Much of the regency is green, primarily engaged in agriculture and forestry, and the majority of the population is settled farmers.
Tasikmalaya Regency is famous for its snake fruit handicrafts, while Nasi Tutug Oncom is a popular dish. Tasikmalaya Regency is also known as a major religious center in West Java, with over 800 Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) spread throughout the regency.
Initially, the name that became the origin of Tasikmalaya was found in the Sukapura area. Sukapura was formerly called Tawang or Galunggung, often also called Tawang-Galunggung. Tawang means rice fields or a wide open space. The name Tasikmalaya emerged after Mount Galunggung erupted, changing the Sukapura area to Tasik (lake, sea) and malaya from (ma)layah, meaning ngalayah (scattered) or a row of mountains on the Malabar coast (India). So Tasikmalaya means scattered lakes or lakes in a cluster of hills. However, in Sundanese, Tasikmalaya may also contain the meaning keusik ngalayah, meaning lots of sand everywhere.
Starting from the 7th century to the 12th century in the area now known as Tasikmalaya Regency, it is known that there was a form of Bataraan Government with its center of government around Galunggung, with the power to abdicate kings (from the Galuh Kingdom) or in other words, a new king was considered legitimate if he received the approval of Batara who reigned in Galunggung. Batara or elders who ruled during that century were Batara Semplakwaja, Batara Kuncung Putih, Batara Kawindu, Batara Wastuhayu, and Batari Hyang who during their reign experienced a change in form from a Batara to a kingdom.
This kingdom was named the Galunggung Kingdom, which was founded on 13 Bhadrapada 1033 Saka or 21 August 1111 with its first ruler being Batari Hyang, based on the Geger Hanjuang Inscription found on Geger Hanjuang Hill, Linggawangi Village, Leuwisari District, Tasikmalaya. From this Batari came his teachings known as Sang Hyang Siksakanda ng Karesian. These teachings were still used as official teachings during the reign of Prabu Siliwangi (1482-1521 AD) who reigned in Pakuan Pajajaran. The Galunggung Kingdom lasted until the next 6 kings who were descendants of Batari Hyang.[6]
The next period was the reign of Sukakerta, with its capital in Dayeuh Tengah (now part of Salopa District, Tasikmalaya), which was a vassal region of the Pajajaran Kingdom. The first ruler was Sri Gading Anteg, who lived at the same time as King Siliwangi. Dalem Sukakerta, as his successor to the throne, is thought to have been at the same time as King Surawisesa (1521-1535 AD), the King of Pajajaran who succeeded King Siliwangi.
During the reign of King Surawisesa, Pajajaran's position began to be undermined by the Islamic kingdom movement spearheaded by Cirebon and Demak. Sunan Gunung Jati traveled throughout the Sunda region, preaching Islam, from 1528. As Pajajaran weakened, its territories, particularly those in the eastern part, attempted to secede. It's likely that Dalem Sukakerta or Dalem Sentawoan became independent rulers of Sukakerta, independent of Pajajaran. It's also possible that both rulers converted to Islam.
The next period was the reign in Sukapura which was preceded by a period of turmoil in the Priangan region which lasted for approximately 10 years. The emergence of this turmoil was the result of the competition between three major powers on the island of Java in the early 17th century AD: Mataram, Banten, and the VOC which was based in Batavia. Wirawangsa as the ruler of Sukakerta was then appointed Regent of the Sukapura region, with the title Wiradadaha I, as a reward from Sultan Agung of Mataram for his services in eradicating the rebellion of Dipati Ukur. The capital of the country which was originally in Dayeuh Tengah, was then moved to Leuwiloa Sukaraja and the "country" was called "Sukapura". Based on the titimangsa of the Charter of Sultan Agung Mataran, Sukapura was formed on 9 Muharram Taun Alip which coincided with July 16, 1633 or April 20, 1641.
After Pasundan was handed over by Susuhunan Pakubuwana I to the Company, based on the agreement of 5 October 1705, Sukapura Regency was under the supervision of the Head of the Regent (Opsigter-Regent) who was based in Cirebon.
During the reign of R.T. Surialaga (1813-1814), the capital of Sukapura Regency was moved to Tasikmalaya. Then, during the reign of Wiradadaha VIII, the capital was moved to Manonjaya (1832). This capital relocation was intended to strengthen Dutch defenses in the face of Diponegoro. Another reason was the active construction of the Post Road and Railway to Tasikmalaya, in addition to the large number of Dutch people opening rubber and tea plantations in South Tasikmalaya. On October 1, 1901, the capital of Sukapura was moved back to Tasikmalaya. The background to this relocation was likely based on economic reasons for Dutch interests. At that time, the fertile Galunggung area was a producer of coffee and indigo. Before being exported via Batavia, it was first collected somewhere, usually in the regional capital. Manonjaya's location was not suitable for being used as a collection point for plantation products in Galunggung.
In 1913, during the reign of Regent XIV Sukapura, the name of Sukapura Regency was changed to Tasikmalaya Regency with R.A.A Wiratanuningrat (1908-1937) as Regent.
August 21, 1111 AD was made the Anniversary of Tasikmalaya based on the Geger Hanjuang Inscription which was made as a sign of the consecration ceremony or coronation of Batari Hyang as the Ruler in Galunggung.
History of the Regent's government (1641 to 1937):
Tasikmalaya Regency consists of 39 sub-districts (Sundanese: Kacamatan), which are further divided into 351 villages and urban villages. Tasikmalaya City was once part of Tasikmalaya Regency, but has been an autonomous city since June 21, 2001. Since then, the regency's administrative center has gradually been moved to Singaparna District.
Sub-districts in Tasikmalaya Regency
Most of Tasikmalaya Regency is hilly, particularly in the eastern part of the Regency. Some areas are mountainous, as seen in the northwest, where the Galunggung Mountains are located. Only 13.05% of the Regency is located in lowlands, with elevations ranging from zero to 200 meters. The average elevation of the Regency is 200 to 500 meters. The rest of the area rises to the peak of Mount Galunggung, 2,168 meters.
The regency is traversed by a chain of volcanoes on Java Island, which naturally provides rich and fertile soil and abundant water resources. Tasikmalaya Regency also sits low on a mountain slope, providing ample rainfall and water catchment areas. This advantage is further enhanced by the tropical rainforest climate, which receives abundant rainfall.
Like other regencies in Priangan, Tasikmalaya experiences a tropical rainforest climate.[12] The regency receives an average annual rainfall of 2,072 mm.[13] Despite receiving heavy rainfall[12], the regency has moderate temperatures. The average daily temperature of Tasikmalaya Regency varies, ranging from 20° to 34°C in the lowlands and 18° to 22°C in the highlands.
Tasikmalaya Regency covers an area of 2,563.35 square kilometers. It borders Garut Regency to the east, bordered by the Galunggung Mountains plateau, from southwest to northwest. Farther north, it borders Majalengka Regency and further southeast, bordering Ciamis and Pangandaran Regencies. The Regency also shares some of its territory with Tasikmalaya City, which lies on the northeastern border. To the south, Tasikmalaya Regency is bordered by the Indian Ocean. Tasikmalaya Regency stretches approximately 75 kilometers from north to south, and approximately 56.25 kilometers from east to west.
Tasikmalaya Regency has a number of universities, including Siliwangi University, Cipasung Islamic Institute (IAIC) Singaparna and Latifah Mubarokiyah Islamic Institute (IAILM) Suryalaya. In addition, Tasikmalaya is known to have a number of Islamic boarding schools and also many famous elementary and junior high schools in the district, namely SDN 2 CINTA BODAS and there also used to be temples before it became an elementary school and the name of the junior high school is SMPN 01 CULAMEGA the field is very wide the distance from SDN2 Cinta Bodas is not far, only 150 km which is spread almost throughout the district.
Tasikmalaya's economy generally relies on the agricultural, livestock and fisheries sectors, as well as relying on the mining sector such as Galunggung sand which has good quality for building materials, industry and trade.
Tasikmalaya, especially before the 1980s, was known as a hub for the people's economy and small-to-medium enterprises, such as bamboo crafts, batik, and paper umbrellas. Furthermore, the city was known as a credit hub due to the large number of traders and migrants from the region who operated on credit. These commodities were generally purchased for groceries and household necessities. Unfortunately, with the massive investment policies of the 1990s, the economic potential of the people in this region tended to be marginalized, even overlooked.
Dragon Village
Kampung Naga is located about 90 km from Bandung. The people who live in this area have an old tradition that is still maintained. The uniqueness of this village is the houses that are made uniformly, from the building materials to the building sections and the direction they face.
Craft
The Rajapolah area is renowned for its woven crafts. Mats, bamboo mats, household goods, and other products are produced here. Other interesting small-scale industries include embroidery in Kawalu, umbrellas, beautiful clogs, and hand-drawn batik. Setiamulya Village, a rapidly developing small-scale industry, produces embroidery, beautiful clogs, leather shoes, furniture, woven mendong cloth, and hats.
Mount Galunggung
Mount Galunggung's last eruption, which occurred on April 5, 1982, had its advantages. The remnants of that eruption have now become a stunningly beautiful tourist attraction, forming a crater lake and hot springs.
Cipatujah Beach
A beach with beautiful white sand and natural seascapes. Located in Cipatujah District, approximately 74 km from Tasikmalaya City. Recreational activities include boating, fishing, and shopping for a variety of bananas. Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, is very beautiful.
Sindangkerta Beach
Sindangkerta Beach's unique feature is its marine park, known as Lengsar Park. It's ideal for swimming. At low tide, the 20-hectare park boasts coral reefs, ornamental fish, and a natural sanctuary for the rare green turtle.
Karang Tawulan Beach
Located 100 km from Tasikmalaya city, it is located in the Cikalong district. A rocky, gently sloping beach offers stunning ocean views. Slightly to the east is the small island of Nusa Manuk. Nusa Manuk is home to a variety of bird species at certain times of the year.
Source: Tasikmalaya Regency Website, Wikipedia
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