Sukabumi Regency is a regency in the Pasundan region of West Java Province, Indonesia. Its capital is Palabuhanratu. Sukabumi Regency is the second largest regency on the island of Java after Banyuwangi Regency in East Java Province. It borders Bogor Regency to the north, Cianjur Regency to the east, the Indian Ocean to the south, and Lebak Regency to the west.
Formation
Initially, the current Sukabumi Regency area was under the Cianjur Regency during the Dutch East Indies colonial government, which was part of the Priangan Residency (Residentie Preanger Regentschappen). In 1776, the sixth Regent of Cianjur, Raden Noh Wiratanudatar VI, formed a regency called the Tjikole Regency, which consisted of several districts, namely the Goenoengparang district, the Tjimahi district, the Tjiheoelang district, the Tjitjoeroeg district, the Jampangtengah district, and the Jampangkoelon district with the center of government in Tjikole (now part of Sukabumi City).
On January 13, 1815, the Tjikole Regency was renamed the Soekaboemi Regency. The name Soekabumi was proposed by Dr. Andries de Wilde, a surgeon who owned a coffee and tea plantation in the Soekaboemi area. The name "Sokaboemi" comes from the Sanskrit words soeka, meaning "pleasure, happiness, joy," and bhoemi, meaning "earth." Thus, "Soekabumi" means "favored land."
From Kepatihan to Regency
Sukabumi Regency itself began to be established since it was established based on the Decree of Governor General Dirk Fock dated April 25, 1921 no. 71 which explained the status of Soekaboemi as a separate Regency (Afdeling) separate from Tjianjoer Regency, effective from June 1, 1921. The first Regent was R. A. A. Soerianatabrata, the last Patih of the Soekaboemi Regent. In 1923, the Priangan Residency was divided into three parts, namely West Preanger (West Priangan) centered in Soekaboemi, Midden Preanger (Central Priangan) centered in Bandoeng and Oost Preanger (East Priangan) centered in Tasikmalaya. R. A. A. Soerianatabrata himself ruled until 1930.
The second regent of Soekabumi Regency was R. A. A. Soeriadanoeningrat who ruled until the Japanese occupation. There was a restructuring of administrative divisions in the West Java region during his reign. 5 new Residency were formed in West Java, namely Residentie Bantam Regentschappen (Banten Residency), Residentie Batavia Regentschappen (Batavia Residency), Residentie Boeitenzorg Regentschappen (Boeitenzorg/Bogor Residency), Residentie Tjirebon Regentschappen (Tjirebon Residency) and Residentie Preanger Regentschappen (Priangan Residency). Soekaboemi Regency which was previously part of the West Priangan Residency was subsequently included as part of the Boeitenzorg Residency, therefore the Regency and City of Sukabumi currently have F vehicle license plates.
Japanese colonial period
After Japan conquered the Dutch East Indies on March 8, 1942, Law no. 27 of 1942 concerning changes to Regional Governance was issued on August 5, 1942. The Residency (Residentie Preanger Regentschappen) changed its name to Syukocan and its regional head was called Syukocanco. The Regency (Afdeling) changed its name to Ken and its regional head was called Kenco. The first Kenco of Soekaboemi was still R. A. A. Soeriadanoeningrat. R. A. A. Soeriadanoeningrat himself died in 1942 and was replaced by R. Tirta Soeyatna as the second Kenco.
Early Independence
After Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945, a deliberation meeting was held by figures such as Mr. R. Syamsoedin, Mr. Haroen and Dr. Aboe Hanifah who agreed to send a delegation to the Boeitenzorg Residency to urge the implementation of the handover of power from Japan to Indonesia. If it failed, it was also agreed to hold a mass action on October 1, 1945 consisting of the People's Security Agency, the Police, the KNID, Alim Ulama and regional representatives.
Following the announcement on October 1, 1945, that the negotiations at Boeitenzorg had failed, the masses also held a demonstration that day to lock down the Kempeitai office to release all political prisoners and confiscate all weapons inside. At Victoria Square (now Merdeka Square in Sukabumi City), the Japanese flag was officially lowered and replaced with the Indonesian flag. Japanese occupation government offices were also seized that same day. Within just a few days, the entire Sukabumi Regency was under the control of the Republic of Indonesia Government. There was a massive replacement of non-pro-independence Kewedanaan and Sub-district officials with pro-independence figures.
After coming under the control of the Republic of Indonesia Government, in late 1945, Mr. Haroen was appointed as the first post-independence Regent of Sukabumi, while Mr. R. Syamsoedin was appointed Mayor of Sukabumi City. Japanese administrative terms were replaced with Indonesian terms, such as Ken, which was changed to Regency. October 1 was also designated as the Anniversary of Sukabumi Regency.
The following are the boundaries of Sukabumi Regency:
With an area of 4,128 km², Sukabumi Regency is the second largest regency in Java Island after Banyuwangi Regency. 40% of Sukabumi Regency's boundaries are bordered by the sea and 60% is land. The Sukabumi Regency area has a relatively large area of ± 419,970 ha. In 1993, the land use in this area was as follows: Yards/villages 18,814 Ha (4.48%), rice fields 62,083 Ha (14.78%), dry fields 103,443 Ha (24.63%), plantations 95,378 Ha (22.71%), lakes/ponds 1,486 Ha (0.35%), forests 135,004 Ha (32.15%), and other uses 3,762 Ha (0.90%). Several mountain peaks are located in the northern part, including Mount Halimun (1,929 m above sea level), Mount Salak (2,211 m above sea level), and the highest, Mount Gede (2,958 m above sea level). Among the rivers that flow are the Cimandiri and Cikaso Rivers, which flow into the Indian Ocean.
Sukabumi Regency consists of 47 sub-districts, which are further divided into 364 villages and 4 urban villages. The administrative center is in Palabuhanratu City.
Tea Plantation in Goalpara, North Sukabumi during the Dutch East Indies era
The list of regions and sub-districts in Sukabumi Regency is:
Northern Territory:
Central Region:
Southern Region:
Source: Sukabumi Regency Website, Wikipedia
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